HTML5 and ARIA Techniques

WCAG 2.0 Level A and AA requirements using ARIA and HTML5 accessibility features.

Evaluation of W3C Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0 Level A and AA conformance using HTML5 and ARIA accessibility techniques. ARIA Landmarks are required for the identification and labeling of the sections of content on a web page. The ruleset requires the use of ARIA widget roles for identifying and describing interactive elements (e.g. popup menus, grids, trees, etc...) that cannot be not described by the native semantics of HTML5 form control and links elements.

  • Version: 1.2.0
  • Total Rules: 136
  • Required Rules: 109
  • Recommended Rules: 27

Landmarks

Rule ID Summary Level SC Required
Landmark 1 main landmark: at least one A 2.4.1 Yes
Landmark 10 navigation landmark: restrictions A 1.3.1 Yes
Landmark 11 main landmark: must be top-level A 1.3.1 Yes
Landmark 12 contentinfo landmark: must be top-level A 1.3.1 Yes
Landmark 13 contentinfo landmark: restrictions A 1.3.1 Yes
Landmark 14 search landmark: restrictions A 1.3.1 Yes
Landmark 15 form landmark: restrictions A 1.3.1 Yes
Landmark 16 region landmark must have accessible name A 1.3.1 Yes
Landmark 17 Landmarks must be uniquely identifiable A 1.3.1 Yes
Landmark 18 Landmarks must identify content regions A 1.3.1 Yes
Landmark 19 complementary landmark: must be top level A 1.3.1 Yes
Landmark 2 All content must be contained in landmarks A 1.3.1 Yes
Landmark 3 navigation landmark: at least one A 2.4.1 Yes
Landmark 4 banner landmark: identifies branding content A 2.4.1 Yes
Landmark 5 banner landmark: no more than one A 2.4.1 Yes
Landmark 6 contentinfo landmark: identifies admin content A 2.4.1 Yes
Landmark 7 contentinfo landmark: no more than one A 2.4.1 Yes
Landmark 8 banner landmark: must be top-level A 1.3.1 Yes
Landmark 9 banner landmark: restrictions A 1.3.1 Yes

Headings

Rule ID Summary Level SC Required
Heading 1 Page must have h1 element A 2.4.1 no
Heading 2 h1 must be in main or banner landmark AA 2.4.6 no
Heading 3 Sibling headings must be unique AA 2.4.6 no
Heading 5 Headings must be properly nested A 1.3.1 Yes
Heading 6 Headings must have text content A 1.3.1 no
Heading 7 First landmark heading h2 A 1.3.1 no
Heading 8 Headings nested in landmarks A 1.3.1 Yes
Role 10 Overriding h1-h6 role semantics. (Deprecated) A 1.3.1 no

Styles/Content

Rule ID Summary Level SC Required
Color 1 Text must exceed CCR threshold AA 1.4.3 Yes
Color 2 Use of color A 1.4.1 Yes
Frame 1 frame must have accessible name A 2.4.1 Yes
Frame 2 iframe must have accessible name A 2.4.1 Yes
HTML 2 Replace marquee elements A 2.3.1 Yes
Language 1 Page must use language code A 3.1.1 Yes
Language 2 Identify language changes AA 3.1.2 Yes
Layout 2 Do not nest layout tables A 1.3.2 no
Layout 3 Verify aria-flowto supports reading order A 1.3.2 Yes
List 1 Use semantic markup for lists A 1.3.1 Yes
List 2 Provide list labels when appropriate AA 2.4.6 no
Order 1 Reading order: CSS positioning A 1.3.2 Yes
Resize 1 Resize text content AA 1.4.4 Yes
Role 1 main element role semantics. (Deprecated) A 1.3.1 no
Role 11 li element group item semantics. (Deprecated) A 4.1.2 no
Role 2 body element role semantics. (Deprecated) A 1.3.1 no
Role 3 ol and ul role grouping semantics. (Deprecated) A 4.1.2 no
Role 4 article element role semantics. (Deprecated) A 1.3.1 no
Role 5 section element role semantics. (Deprecated) A 1.3.1 no
Role 6 Do not override nav element semantics. (Deprecated) A 1.3.1 no
Role 7 aside element role semantics. (Deprecated) A 1.3.1 no
Role 8 Do not override header element role. (Deprecated) A 1.3.1 no
Role 9 Do not override footer element role. (Deprecated) A 1.3.1 no
Sensory 1 Not only shape, size and location A 1.3.3 Yes

Images

Rule ID Summary Level SC Required
Image 1 Images must have alt text A 1.1.1 Yes
Image 2 Alt text must summarize purpose A 1.1.1 Yes
Image 3 Alt text must not include filename A 1.1.1 Yes
Image 4 (English) Alt text no more than 100 characters A 1.1.1 no
Image 5 Verify image is decorative A 1.1.1 Yes
Image 6 Long description for complex images A 1.1.1 Yes
Image 7 Use MathML for mathematical expressions A 1.1.1 Yes

Links

Rule ID Summary Level SC Required
Focus 3 Target focus must be in content window A 3.2.1 Yes
Link 1 Link text must describe the link target A 2.4.4 Yes
Link 2 Link text must be unique A 2.4.4 no
Role 12 a[href] element role semantics. (Deprecated) A 4.1.2 no

Tables

Rule ID Summary Level SC Required
Layout 1 Layout tables must have meaningful sequence A 1.3.2 Yes
Table 1 Data cells must have row/column headers A 1.3.1 Yes
Table 2 Data tables must have name AA 2.4.6 no
Table 3 Data tables must have description A 1.3.1 no
Table 4 Data tables must have unique names A 1.3.1 Yes
Table 5 Identify table markup as data or layout A 1.3.1 Yes
Table 6 Header cells must be th elements A 1.3.1 Yes
Table 7 Data cells must use headers attribute A 1.3.1 Yes
Table 8 Name must be different than description A 1.3.1 Yes

Forms

Rule ID Summary Level SC Required
Control 1 Form controls must have labels A 3.3.2 Yes
Control 10 Labels must be unique AA 2.4.6 Yes
Control 11 Submit and reset button labels must be unique AA 2.4.6 Yes
Control 2 Image button must have alt. content A 3.3.2 Yes
Control 3 Radio buttons must have grouping label A 3.3.2 Yes
Control 4 buttons must have content A 3.3.2 Yes
Control 5 id must be unique A 4.1.1 Yes
Control 6 label must reference control A 3.3.2 Yes
Control 7 label must have content A 3.3.2 Yes
Control 8 fieldset must have one legend A 3.3.2 Yes
Control 9 Verify title is the label. A 3.3.2 Yes
Error 1 Information on invalid values A 3.3.1 Yes
Error 2 Required form controls AA 3.3.3 Yes
Error 4 Error correction suggestions AA 3.3.3 Yes
Error 5 Prevent errors AA 3.3.4 Yes
Focus 4 select must not change context A 3.2.2 Yes
Focus 5 Forms submitted using buttons A 3.2.2 Yes
Role 13 select element role semantics. (Deprecated) A 4.1.2 no
Role 14 textarea element role semantics. (Deprecated) A 4.1.2 no

Widgets/Scripts

Rule ID Summary Level SC Required
Error 3 Required widgets AA 3.3.3 Yes
HTML 3 Role is not allowed A 4.1.2 Yes
Widget 1 Widgets must have label A 4.1.2 Yes
Widget 10 Value in range A 4.1.2 Yes
Widget 11 Elements with event handlers must have roles A 4.1.2 Yes
Widget 12 Widget labels must be descriptive AA 2.4.6 Yes
Widget 13 Role does not support accessible name. A 4.1.2 Yes
Widget 14 Verify appropriate use of live region A 4.1.2 Yes
Widget 15 Remove deprecated ARIA attributes. A 4.1.1 no
Widget 16 Closed shadow DOM requires manual check. A 2.1.1 Yes
Widget 2 onClick event handlers must have role A 4.1.2 Yes
Widget 3 role must be valid A 4.1.2 Yes
Widget 4 ARIA values must be valid A 4.1.2 Yes
Widget 5 Attributes that start with aria- must be defined. A 4.1.2 Yes
Widget 6 Widgets must have properties A 4.1.2 Yes
Widget 7 Widgets must have owned elements A 4.1.2 Yes
Widget 8 Role must have parent A 4.1.2 Yes
Widget 9 Only one owner A 4.1.2 Yes

Audio/Video

Rule ID Summary Level SC Required
Audio 1 audio must have alternative A 1.2.1 Yes
Audio 2 object for audio must have alternative A 1.2.1 Yes
Audio 3 embed for audio must have alternative A 1.2.1 Yes
Audio 4 Pause, stop or mute audio A 1.4.2 Yes
Video 1 video for video only must have alternative A 1.2.1 Yes
Video 2 object for video only must have alternative A 1.2.1 Yes
Video 3 embed for video only must have alternative A 1.2.1 Yes
Video 4 video must have caption A 1.2.2 Yes
Video 5 object for video must have captions A 1.2.2 Yes
Video 6 embed for video must have captions A 1.2.2 Yes
Video 7 video element must have audio description. A 1.2.3 Yes
Video 8 object for video must have audio description. A 1.2.3 Yes
Video 9 embed for video must have audio description A 1.2.3 Yes

Keyboard

Rule ID Summary Level SC Required
Bypass 1 Skip to main content link A 2.4.1 no
Focus 1 Focus order must be meaningful A 2.4.3 Yes
Focus 2 Focus must be visible AA 2.4.7 Yes
Keyboard 1 Widget roles require keyboard support A 2.1.1 Yes
Keyboard 2 Interactive functionality must be keyboard operable A 2.1.1 Yes
Keyboard 3 No keyboard trap A 2.1.2 Yes

Timing

Rule ID Summary Level SC Required
Timing 1 Control time limits A 2.2.1 Yes
Timing 2 Control moving, blinking or auto-updating content A 2.2.2 Yes
Timing 3 Flashing limits A 2.3.1 Yes

Site Navigation

Rule ID Summary Level SC Required
Navigation 1 At least two ways of finding content AA 2.4.5 Yes
Navigation 2 Consistent ordering of landmarks AA 3.2.3 Yes
Navigation 3 Consistent ordering of h1 and h2 labels AA 3.2.3 Yes
Navigation 4 Consistent labeling of landmarks AA 3.2.4 Yes
Navigation 5 Consistent h1 and h2 page section labels AA 3.2.4 Yes
Title 1 title must identify website and page A 2.4.2 Yes